pathway · Public research summary
Outdoor fine particles and cardiovascular events
Long-term particle exposure is associated with cardiovascular disease; blood pressure and vascular inflammation are proposed intermediates.
Educational only. Associations do not establish individual risk or diagnosis. Read the original sources and limitations.
Illustrative pathway
Outdoor PM2.5 → Raised blood pressure → Heart disease
Relationship
Probable link: Consistent evidence with plausible mechanism; some gaps remain.
Evidence and uncertainty
Cohort studies; moderate uncertainty.
Summary
Long-term particle exposure is associated with cardiovascular disease; blood pressure and vascular inflammation are proposed intermediates.
Limitations
Mechanisms remain partly characterised; traffic noise and neighbourhood deprivation co-locate with pollution.
Data status
Synthetic illustration only. Map widths are not patient counts, prevalence, study effect sizes or personal risks. A paper does not validate every arrow.
Regional browsing relevance
Global; East Asia; South Asia; Europe