Search 59 public summaries of journal studies, illustrative pathways, regional context and leading causes of death.
An educational health atlas connecting public research, illustrative pathways and regional context. Not medical advice or a personal risk prediction. Summaries retain source populations and limits; they are not peer-reviewed publications authored by this site.
Compared with no leisure-time activity, 300–449 brisk-walking-equivalent minutes/week was associated with 4.2 more years (95% CI 4.0–4.5); 150–299 minutes with 3.4 (3.2–3.6).
Read findings, sources and limitationsFive versus zero study factors: published life-expectancy contrasts of 14.0 years in women (95% CI 11.8–16.2) and 12.2 in men (10.1–14.2).
Read findings, sources and limitationsFour/five versus zero factors: women 34.4 versus 23.7 disease-free years; men 31.1 versus 23.5. Differences of 10.7 and 7.6 are calculated from rounded endpoints.
Read findings, sources and limitationsQuitting at ages 25–34, 35–44 or 45–54 was associated with about 10, 9 or 6 more years, respectively, versus continuing to smoke.
Read findings, sources and limitationsStopping at approximately 60, 50, 40 or 30 was associated with about 3, 6, 9 or 10 years relative to continuing.
Read findings, sources and limitationsAssociations flattened around 6,000–8,000 steps/day in adults 60+ and 8,000–10,000 in younger adults. These are observed dose-response ranges, not mandatory targets.
Read findings, sources and limitationsPer 28 g/day higher nut intake, pooled relative risk of all-cause mortality was 0.78 (95% CI 0.72–0.84).
Read findings, sources and limitationsAdjusted hazard ratios versus reduced-fat advice were 0.69 (95% CI 0.53–0.91) with extra-virgin olive oil and 0.72 (0.54–0.95) with nuts.
Read findings, sources and limitationsBoth short and long reported sleep duration were associated with higher mortality than the reference durations used in the contributing studies.
Read findings, sources and limitationsMore regular sleep-wake timing was associated with lower mortality. Regularity predicted all-cause mortality more strongly than duration in the study's models.
Read findings, sources and limitationsStronger social relationships were associated with higher odds of survival (pooled OR 1.50; 95% CI 1.42–1.59).
Read findings, sources and limitationsA reduced-sodium, potassium-enriched salt substitute lowered stroke rates compared with regular salt in this higher-risk population.
Read findings, sources and limitationsHigher sugar-sweetened drink intake was associated with higher type 2 diabetes incidence, including after adjustment for adiposity.
Read findings, sources and limitationsHigher dietary fibre intake was associated with lower mortality and several noncommunicable diseases. Trials found improvements in bodyweight, systolic pressure and cholesterol.
Read findings, sources and limitationsLong-term PM2.5 and ozone exposure were associated with higher all-cause mortality, including in analyses below the standards evaluated at the time.
Read findings, sources and limitationsHigher recreational and non-recreational activity were associated with lower mortality and cardiovascular events across the included economic settings.
Read findings, sources and limitationsWalking or jogging, yoga and strength training reduced depressive symptoms compared with active controls in the included trials.
Read findings, sources and limitationsHigh demands combined with low job control were associated with incident coronary heart disease.
Read findings, sources and limitationsResidential density, street intersections, public transport density and parks were positively associated with measured physical activity.
Read findings, sources and limitationsLowering sodium intake lowers blood pressure in trials; raised blood pressure is a major, well-characterised risk factor for stroke.
Read findings, sources and limitationsBlood pressure links sodium to cardiovascular disease. A rural Chinese salt-substitution trial reduced cardiovascular events, but changed potassium as well as sodium.
Read findings, sources and limitationsHigher sugar-sweetened beverage intake is associated with weight gain and higher type 2 diabetes incidence in cohort studies.
Read findings, sources and limitationsFine particulate matter irritates and inflames airways and is linked to chronic respiratory disease and acute worsening episodes.
Read findings, sources and limitationsLong-term particle exposure is associated with cardiovascular disease; blood pressure and vascular inflammation are proposed intermediates.
Read findings, sources and limitationsCooking and heating with polluting fuels in poorly ventilated homes is linked to chronic respiratory disease, especially among women and children.
Read findings, sources and limitationsShort-term pollution peaks coincide with more asthma symptoms and visits in time-series studies.
Read findings, sources and limitationsLow physical activity is associated with insulin resistance and higher type 2 diabetes risk; activity interventions improve glucose control.
Read findings, sources and limitationsSedentary lifestyles are associated with weight gain and cardiovascular disease, partly via adiposity.
Read findings, sources and limitationsRegular moderate activity is consistently associated with lower risk of heart disease, type 2 diabetes and depression. This is a protective direction, not a disease pathway.
Read findings, sources and limitationsA network meta-analysis of randomised trials found reductions in depressive symptoms with several forms of exercise. This is a treatment direction, not proof of preventing depression.
Read findings, sources and limitationsRapid increases in repetitive load without recovery are linked to tendon overuse injury. This concerns training load, not exercise as such.
Read findings, sources and limitationsRepetitive manual work is associated with musculoskeletal pain in cross-sectional surveys.
Read findings, sources and limitationsPersistent stress is associated with poorer sleep, and poor sleep with depression and anxiety. Direction runs both ways.
Read findings, sources and limitationsStress produces short blood pressure rises; whether chronic stress causes lasting hypertension and stroke independent of behaviour is contested.
Read findings, sources and limitationsStress hormones affect glucose regulation in lab settings; population links with diabetes are inconsistent.
Read findings, sources and limitationsA synthesis of 13 European cohorts associated high demands and low job control with incident coronary events. No intermediate mechanism is assumed in this direct link.
Read findings, sources and limitationsHigher-fibre diets improved several cardiometabolic markers in trials and were associated with lower cardiovascular disease and diabetes in cohorts.
Read findings, sources and limitationsAcross 14 cities, selected features of activity-friendly neighbourhoods were associated with more accelerometer-measured activity. The map stops at movement because disease events were not measured.
Read findings, sources and limitationsThis lens includes Indonesia, Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste and Viet Nam. Urban, rural and island settings need their own evidence.
Read findings, sources and limitationsKazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan are included as a distinct browsing region rather than being left between Europe and East or South Asia.
Read findings, sources and limitationsActivity, diet, air quality and work conditions interact. Multi-country evidence widens the view beyond one health system.
Read findings, sources and limitationsThe salt-substitute trial provides a specific intervention example from rural China, rather than a claim about an entire regional diet.
Read findings, sources and limitationsTransport, paid work, household activity and recreation all contribute to activity; safe space, heat and working conditions affect what is feasible.
Read findings, sources and limitationsFuel access, housing and safe mobility are practical health contexts, not inherent cultural traits. Activity evidence should be read alongside these conditions.
Read findings, sources and limitationsJob demands and decision-making control offer a more precise research question than treating all stress as one exposure.
Read findings, sources and limitationsA commute, a workday and recreation can all add movement. The built environment and time constraints shape those opportunities.
Read findings, sources and limitationsA place-based exposure estimate can reveal population patterns while still missing an individual's time indoors, work and travel.
Read findings, sources and limitationsAccess to safe, comfortable movement depends on the built environment, work schedules and local conditions—not simply personal motivation.
Read findings, sources and limitationsThis lens explicitly includes Australia and New Zealand alongside Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. Fibre and whole-grain evidence offers dietary context, while food access and living conditions differ within and between these settings.
Read findings, sources and limitationsTobacco, high blood pressure and blood lipids, diabetes, inactivity, diet and air pollution; age and inherited factors also matter.
Read findings, sources and limitationsRaised blood pressure, tobacco, diabetes, inactivity and other vascular risks; not every stroke has the same mechanism.
Read findings, sources and limitationsTobacco smoke, household pollution, occupational dust and fumes, early-life lung development and some genetic conditions.
Read findings, sources and limitationsInfectious agents, vulnerability from undernutrition or impaired immunity, polluted air and barriers to timely care.
Read findings, sources and limitationsAge, vascular and metabolic conditions, tobacco, inactivity, social isolation and environmental factors; multiple disease processes contribute.
Read findings, sources and limitationsType 2 risk reflects genetics, body composition and activity among other factors. Type 1 is different and cannot currently be prevented.
Read findings, sources and limitationsTobacco and second-hand smoke, air pollution, radon and occupational exposures. Cancer also occurs without these exposures.
Read findings, sources and limitationsLong-standing high blood pressure can damage the heart; diet, activity, age, genetics and access to detection and treatment contribute.
Read findings, sources and limitationsMultiple causes; diabetes and high blood pressure can damage kidneys. The mortality category is not identical to diabetes-related kidney deaths.
Read findings, sources and limitationsContaminated food or water, inadequate sanitation, undernutrition, impaired immunity and lack of timely treatment.
Read findings, sources and limitations